The Vatican has officially declared that Jesus Christ alone is the Redeemer of humanity, firmly rejecting the title of “co-redeemer” often attributed to the Virgin Mary by some Catholic faithful and theologians.

The announcement came via a decree issued by the Vatican’s top doctrinal office and personally approved by Pope Leo XIV. The document instructs the world’s 1.4 billion Catholics to refrain from referring to Mary as “co-redeemer” or “co-redemptrix,” stating that such titles create theological confusion and risk undermining the unique salvific role of Jesus Christ.

“It would not be appropriate to use the title ‘co-redemptrix,’” the decree states. “This title can create confusion and an imbalance in the harmony of the truths of the Christian faith”.

The Vatican emphasized that while Mary played a vital and revered role in salvation history, most notably as the mother of Jesus, she did not participate in the redemptive act itself. “She gave birth to the Redeemer, but she did not redeem,” the document clarified.

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